Epithalon

Epithalon, also known as Epitalon or Epithalone, is a synthetic peptide with the amino acid sequence Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly. It is a naturally occurring substance found in the pineal gland of the human body. Epithalon is known for its potential anti-aging properties and has gained interest in longevity and life extension.

Research suggests that Epithalon may have several beneficial effects on the body. It has been found to stimulate the production of telomerase, an enzyme that helps maintain and repair telomeres. Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with age and are associated with cellular aging and overall health.

Epithalon has also been found to regulate the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and has antioxidant properties. Additionally, it has been shown to have immune-enhancing effects, potentially improving the function of the immune system.

Source: PubChem

• Sequence: Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly
• Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₂₂N₄O₉
• Molecular Weight: 390.349 g/mol
• PubChem CID: 219042
• CAS Number: 307297-39-8

1. The Role of Telomerase in the Anti-Aging Effects of Epithalon

Telomeres are protective caps located at the ends of chromosomes that prevent them from affecting the neighboring chromosomes. As cells divide, telomeres gradually shorten, eventually leading to cell senescence or death. Telomerase is an enzyme that counteracts this process by elongating telomeres and promoting cell longevity.

Research suggests that Epithalon may activate telomerase, increasing telomere length and delaying cellular aging. Studies have demonstrated that Epithalon administration can enhance the expression and activity of telomerase in various cell types, including human fetal fibroblasts.

Epithalon may help maintain telomere length and delay the onset of cellular senescence by stimulating telomerase production. This could potentially contribute to the anti-aging effects attributed to Epithalon.

2. Epithalon and DNA Activation

Several studies have indicated that Epithalon can protect against DNA damage and apoptosis in aging oocyte eggs produced by females. Aging can increase oxidative stress and DNA damage, but Epithalon alleviates these negative effects.

One of the mechanisms through which Epithalon works is activating telomerase, an enzyme that helps prevent the degradation of telomeres. Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that are crucial in maintaining DNA stability. By activating telomerase, Epithalon aids in preserving telomere length, which is associated with cellular longevity and overall health.

Furthermore, Epithalon has shown potential in enhancing sleep and protecting DNA and telomeres. It has been observed to modify chromatin, responsible for forming chromosomes, thereby supporting DNA integrity.

3. Epithalon and Skin Health

By activating skin fibroblasts, Epithalon may help counteract the natural effects of aging on the skin, such as the formation of wrinkles and fine lines. Additionally, Epithalon has been shown to stimulate collagen formation, further aiding skin firmness and reducing the appearance of signs of aging.

Another potential benefit of Epithalon for skin health is its antioxidative properties. As an antioxidant, Epithalon may help protect the skin from oxidative stress caused by free radicals, which can contribute to premature aging and skin damage.

4. Epithalon and Tumor Growth

Epithalon has shown promising inhibitory effects on tumor growth in various studies. It has been observed to inhibit the development and expression of tumors, particularly in breast cancer and leukemia.

One study conducted on transgenic mice characterized by accelerated aging found that Epithalon inhibited tumor growth and expression of the HER-2/neu oncogene in breast tumors. The maximum size of breast adenocarcinomas was significantly lower in the Epithalon-treated group compared to the control group.

Slowed tumor growth in mice exposed to epithalon compared to controls
Source: Wiley Online Library

Another study indicated that treatment with Epitalon did not affect total spontaneous tumor incidence but significantly inhibited the development of leukemia. Additionally, Epitalon treatment reduced the cumulative number and maximum size of tumors in mice.

Long-term treatment with Epithalon has also been shown to increase the lifetime and inhibit the growth of spontaneous neoplasms in mice.

These findings suggest that Epithalon may have potential as an inhibitory agent against tumor growth. 

PER1 Causes Increased Rates of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Cell Death
Source: Molecular Cell

5. Epithalon and Melatonin Secretion

Epithalon has been found to impact melatonin secretion, a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and plays a role in various physiological processes. Here are some key findings related to Epithalon's influence on melatonin secretion:

Protective effect of melatonin and epithalon on gonadotropin-releasing hormone: Research suggests that the pineal gland, where melatonin is produced, plays an important role in the formation of circadian signals needed for the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that regulates reproductive functions. Melatonin and Epithalon have been found to have a protective effect on this process.

Correction of hypothalamic regulation: Catecholamines, a class of neurotransmitters, regulate GnRH synthesis and secretion. Melatonin and pineal gland peptides, including Epithalon, can correct the hypothalamic regulation of catecholamine-mediated processes.

Impact on sleep patterns: Epithalon has been reported to impact melatonin synthesis, leading to enhancements in sleep patterns.

Evaluation of Epithalon on melatonin and cortisol secretion: A study evaluated the effect of Epithalon on melatonin and cortisol secretion in female rhesus monkeys. The results indicated that Epithalon stimulation affects the secretion of these hormones.

Impact on basal night melatonin levels: The administration of Epithalon to old monkeys was found to cause an increase in basal night melatonin levels. This suggests that Epithalon may potentially restore age-related disturbances in melatonin production.

6. Epithalon and Eyesight

Improvement in Retinal Degeneration: A study investigated the effect of Epitalon on congenital pigmented retina degeneration. It found that Epitalon improved the course of retinal degeneration. 

Potential Age-Related Eye Health Benefits: Epitalon has been suggested to function as an antioxidant and may help combat age-related decline in eye function and other eye disorders. 

Boosting Antioxidant Capacity: In a rat study, epithalamin (a related compound to Epitalon) increased overall antioxidant capacity by 36%. This could have potential implications for improving eye health.

Positive Clinical Effect on Retinal Lesions: Epitalon therapy has been reported to have a positive clinical effect in 90% of cases in patients with degenerative retinal lesions. 

Please note that all the articles and product information provided on this website are intended for informational and educational purposes only.

The products offered on this platform are specifically designed for in-vitro studies, meaning they are conducted outside the body. It is important to clarify that these products are not medicines or drugs, and the FDA has not approved them for the prevention, treatment, or cure of any medical condition, ailment, or disease.

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Vladimir Khavinson is a Professor, President of the European region of the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Member of the Russian and Ukrainian Academies of Medical Sciences; Main gerontologist of the Health Committee of the Government of Saint Petersburg, Russia; Director of the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology; Vice-president of Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Chair of Gerontology and Geriatrics of the North-Western State Medical University, St-Petersburg; Colonel of medical service (USSR, Russia), retired.

Vladimir Khavinson is renowned for his groundbreaking work in discovering, conducting experimental and clinical studies on novel classes of peptide bioregulators, and pioneering the development of bioregulating peptide therapy. His research focuses on understanding the role of peptides in regulating the mechanisms of aging, and he is particularly involved in the design, pre-clinical, and clinical studies of new peptide geroprotectors.

Over the course of a 40-year-long investigation, Vladimir Khavinson has developed numerous methods of applying peptide bioregulators to slow down the aging process and extend human lifespan. His contributions have led to the introduction of six peptide-based pharmaceuticals and 64 peptide food supplements into clinical practice. Notably, he holds an impressive track record with 196 patents (both Russian and international) and has authored 775 scientific publications.

Two significant books by Vladimir Khavinson, titled "Peptides and Ageing" (NEL, 2002) and "Gerontological aspects of genome peptide regulation" (Karger AG, 2005), present his major achievements and findings in the field.

Furthermore, Vladimir Khavinson played a pivotal role in establishing the scientific specialty "Gerontology and Geriatrics" at the governmental level in the Russian Federation. Under his guidance, an Academic Council has overseen more than 200 Ph.D. and Doctorate theses from various countries.

It is important to clarify that while Prof. Vladimir Khavinson is referenced as one of the leading scientists in the research and development of Epitalon, he is not endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any purpose. There is no affiliation or relationship between Peptide Shop and this esteemed doctor. The citation of his work serves solely to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the extensive research efforts conducted by scientists investigating this peptide. References to Prof. Vladimir Khavinson can be found in [1] [2] [5] [6] [7] [9] [12] [13] [15] and [17] under the referenced citations.

1. V. N. Anisimov, S. V. Mylnikov, and V. K. Khavinson, “Pineal peptide preparation epithalamin increases the lifespan of fruit flies, mice and rats,” Mech. Ageing Dev., vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 123–132, Jun. 1998. [PubMed]
2. V. K. Khavinson, I. E. Bondarev, and A. A. Butyugov, “Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 135, no. 6, pp. 590–592, Jun. 2003. [PubMed]
3. T. A. Dzhokhadze, T. Z. Buadze, M. N. Gaiozishvili, M. A. Rogava, and T. A. Lazhava, “[Functional regulation of genome with peptide bioregulators by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (by patients and relatives)],” Georgian Med. News, no. 225, pp. 94–97, Dec. 2013. [PubMed]
4. V. N. Anisimov et al., “Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice,” Biogerontology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 193–202, 2003. [PubMed]
5. V. K. Khavinson, S. I. Tarnovskaya, N. S. Linkova, V. E. Pronyaeva, L. K. Shataeva, and P. P. Yakutseni, “Short cell-penetrating peptides: a model of interactions with gene promoter sites,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 154, no. 3, pp. 403–410, Jan. 2013. [PubMed]
6. N. S. Lin’kova, B. I. Kuznik, and V. K. Khavinson, “[Peptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly and interferon gamma: their role in immune response during aging],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 478–482, 2012. [PubMed]
7. N. I. Chalisova, N. S. Lin’kova, A. N. Zhekalov, A. O. Orlova, G. A. Ryzhak, and V. K. Khavinson, “[Short peptides stimulate skin cell regeneration during ageing],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 699–703, 2014. [PubMed]
8. N. S. Lin’kova et al., “Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 175–178, May 2016. [PubMed]
9. I. A. Vinogradova, A. V. Bukalev, M. A. Zabezhinski, A. V. Semenchenko, V. K. Khavinson, and V. N. Anisimov, “Effect of Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide on life span and development of spontaneous tumors in female rats exposed to different illumination regimes,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 144, no. 6, pp. 825–830, Dec. 2007. [PubMed]
10. G. Kossoy, V. N. Anisimov, H. Ben-Hur, N. Kossoy, and I. Zusman, “Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice,” Vivo Athens Greece, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 253–257, Apr. 2006. [PubMed]
11. V. N. Anisimov et al., “Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice,” Int. J. Cancer, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 7–10, 2002. [PubMed]
12. V. N. Anisimov, V. K. Khavinson, I. N. Alimova, A. V. Semchenko, and A. I. Yashin, “Epithalon decelerates aging and suppresses development of breast adenocarcinomas in transgenic her-2/neu mice,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 134, no. 2, pp. 187–190, Aug. 2002. [PubMed]
13. I. A. Vinogradova, A. V. Bukalev, M. A. Zabezhinski, A. V. Semenchenko, V. K. Khavinson, and V. N. Anisimov, “Geroprotective effect of ala-glu-asp-gly peptide in male rats exposed to different illumination regimens,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 472–477, Apr. 2008. [PubMed]
14. S. Gery, N. Komatsu, L. Baldjyan, A. Yu, D. Koo, and H. P. Koeffler, “The circadian gene per1 plays an important role in cell growth and DNA damage control in human cancer cells,” Mol. Cell, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 375–382, May 2006. [PubMed]
15. V. K. Khavinson, L. K. Shataeva, and A. A. Chernova, “Effect of regulatory peptides on gene transcription,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 136, no. 3, pp. 288–290, Sep. 2003. [PubMed]
16. O. V. Korkushko et al., “[Normalizing effect of the pineal gland peptides on the daily melatonin rhythm in old monkeys and elderly people],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 74–85, 2007. [PubMed]
17. V. Khavinson, M. Razumovsky, S. Trofimova, R. Grigorian, and A. Razumovskaya, “Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa,” Neuro Endocrinol. Lett., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 365–368, Aug. 2002. [PubMed]

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.

The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body.  These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease.  Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.

Sources: 

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